Outline for May 29, 2002

Handouts: Homework 5

Reading: Johnsonbaugh and Kalin, pp. 679-702 (appendix of useful functions)

1. Greetings and felicitations!
2. Standard I/O Library (#include <stdio.h>)
3. a. open file: fopen
4. b. unstructured read/write: getchar, fgetc (getc), putchar, fputc (putc)
5. c. formatted read/write: fgets (gets), fscanf, fputs (puts), fprintf
6. d. structured read/write: fread, fwrite
7. e. random access: fseek, ftell, rewind
8. f. close file: fclose
9. g. miscellaneous: feof, ferror, clearerr
10. Character types and conversions (#include <ctype.h>)
11. a. alphabetics, numerics, alphanumerics: isalnum, ialdigit, isxdigit, isalpha
12. b. upper, lower, and conversions: isupper, islower, toupper, tolower
13. c. types of chars: iscntrl, isgraph (not blank, printable), isprint (printable), ispunct, isspace
14. String conversion (#include <stdlib.h>)
15. a. string to number: atoi, atof, atol
16. String functions (#include <string.h>)
17. a. compare: strcmp, strncmp, strcasecmp, strncasecmp; memcmp
18. b. copy: strcpy, strncpy; memcpy (no overlap), memmove (overlap okay)
19. c. find character: strchr (index), strrchr (rindex), strpbrk; memchr
20. d. length: strlen
21. Memory management (#include <stdlib.h>
22. a. Allocation: malloc, calloc
23. b. Release: free, cfree (deprecated)
24. c. Reallocation: realloc()
25. Miscellaneous
26. a. terminate program (exit); include <stdlib.h>
27. b. sort array of data (qsort); include <stdlib.h>
28. c. time of day (time, ctime); include <time.h>
29. d. execute cvommand (system); include <stdlib.h>
30. Debugging
31. a. programs have bugs; find and fix them
32. b. static debugging: insert debugging code into source, recompile and run
33. c. dynamic debugging: look at the program as it runs, observing (and maybe changing) variables, etc.
34. Static debugging
35. a. using printf to print variable values; mention %p (prints pointer value, usually as a hex integer)
36. b. using printf to print where you are (ie, on function entry printf("in function\n");
37. c. #ifdef DEBUG ... #endif around the printfs so you can leave them in the source if you need them again
38. d. assert(x) macro: assert(0 <= i && i <= n) causes program to exit with error message if (0 <= I && I <= n) is false; must include <assert.h>. To delete, say #define NDEBUG and they will not be in the compiled code.
39. Dynamic debugging
40. a. debugging tool instruments executable program so it can be stopped, examined, altered, and continued interactively
41. b. go through the handout
42. c. mention the "where" command which shows you the program stack